The Vichy regime (1940-1944), led by Philippe Pétain, collaborated with Nazi Germany after the 1940 defeat. Held responsible for the deportation of the Jews of France, it was fought by the Resistance and General de Gaulle’s Free France. On 10 July 1940, Parliament, meeting in Vichy, granted full powers to Pétain, who became Chief of the French State. The regime replaced the republican motto with “Work, Family, Fatherland” and enacted a Statute on Jews as early as October 1940. It disappeared with the liberation of the country in 1944.